Authors

Discussion

Since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, journalists and media outlets have been under attack in both the information and physical spheres. On the one hand, the Russian army is shelling television and radio equipment, editorial offices, and power stations, destroying channels of information transmission. On the other hand, hackers are carrying out cyberattacks on television broadcasts and websites, while propagandists are creating disinformation campaigns.

The aim of the study is to identify and analyse changes in media work during the period 2022–2025. This leads to the following research questions:

1. Under what conditions do media communications function during

attacks on the frontline territories of Ukraine?

2. What methods does Russia use to influence Ukrainian media

communications?

These questions can be answered using research methods such as semi-structured qualitative interviews with media workers in frontline territories. These findings are complemented by numerous data sources, including qualitative analysis of documents (e.g., social media posts, photos, etc.). The documentary analysis was based on a convenience sampling of all materials available to the researcher, including news, social media, and eyewitness accounts in Ukraine during the full-scale invasion.

The main results of the study indicate the following: 1) changes in radio and television broadcasting or cessation of work; 2) the spread of satellite television; 3) the creation of a large number of channels on social media, in particular on the Telegram; 4) the organisation of the print media during the war in regions without electricity; 5) the publication of leaflets.

These findings highlight a complex shift in the media and communication system in Ukraine's frontline territory, where information is crucial for survival and rescue during wartime.