This paper investigates how Russia is strengthening its political-military and military-technical partnerships with China and North Korea and how these strategic alignments impact on Russia’s wider approach to multilateral arms control. First, the paper sets the scene by examining Moscow’s approach to arms control and non-proliferation negotiations, and by identifying the specific structural and situational factors that shape such an approach in the Asia-Pacific region. Second, building on that, the paper analyses three important issue-areas: Russia’s defence of North Korea’s nuclear activities in the context of the latter’s nuclear policy; Russia’s support for China’s refusal to engage in arms control and risk reduction talks with the US; and Moscow’s approaches to the potential ramifications of ‘nuclear multipolarity’ in the Asia-Pacific region, in the event of Japan and South Korea seeking a nuclear weapons capability. Finally, the paper considers how these approaches and issue-areas influence Moscow’s broader views of the current system of strategic stability and whether Russia will henceforth water down its long-time non-proliferation commitments.