Authors

Discussion

This contribution explores the argument surrounding the protection of national identity which in recent years has underpinned the relationship between the EU and some of the Member States from the CEE region, particularly Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. It relates to cases where national governments (as well as other national institutions such as the national courts) invoke the ‘national identity’ clause of Article 4(2) of the Treaty on European Union, concerning the EU’s duty to respect the national identities of its Member States, in order to derogate from rules and principles of EU law and justify actions at the national level that run counter to them (most notably, those related to compromising judicial independence, the rule of law, and democratic values).

The specific focus of the contribution is on Poland and the developments in this country which serve as a pertinent case in point through which the practical applications of the ‘national identity’ clause are analysed, bringing into focus some more recent cases before the EU Court of Justice and the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. Equally, the paper reflects on the scope and breadth of the ‘national identity’ plea, inspecting the limits of a Member State’s discretion to employ national identity arguments in order to derogate from the primacy of EU legal rules and principles. Lastly, the paper addresses the existence of a sometimes-fluid dividing line between legitimate use and misuse (or abuse) of ‘national identity’ claims by Member States, whereby the ‘national identity’ arguments are being used as a pretext rather than an actual justification for contravening actions and practices.