Authors
Chad Briggs2; Anita Tusor1; 1 Charles University, Czechia; 2 Asian Institute of Management, Philippines Discussion
Cognitive warfare (CW) has emerged as a decisive domain in modern strategic competition, leveraging information technology and psychological manipulation to shape perceptions and disrupt adversary decision-making without large-scale kinetic conflict. This article conducts a comparative analysis of the distinct doctrinal foundations, strategic goals, and tactical implementations of CW as practiced by the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (PRC). We argue that despite a shared objective of strategic advantage, their models diverge significantly: Russia employs a Reflexive Control (RCT) model focused on immediate destabilization, deception, and information overload (as evidenced in Ukraine), while the PRC utilizes a long-term, integrated "gray zone" approach, centered on positive propaganda, technological leverage (AI/deepfakes), and lawfare to establish a favorable perception and control narratives (as seen in the South China Sea). By contrasting these two "fronts" of cognitive engagement, this research highlights the inadequacy of monolithic counter-strategies and proposes that effective defense requires tailored policy responses that specifically address the unique vulnerabilities targeted by each nation’s psychological and technological warfare apparatus. 
